ABSTRACT
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease requiring long term treatment. For an effective control of asthma symptoms background knowledge of the prescribing pattern of anti-asthmatic drugs is a must.Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine OPD, King George's Medical University, Lucknow. 114 patients of asthma were recruited for the study. A case report form was filled from patient’s prescription containing the demographic details of the patients, presenting complaints, investigations and drugs prescribed along with their dose, duration, frequency, route of administration.Results: 114 patients’ prescriptions were assessed which showed average number of drugs per prescription - 3.22. 42.8% and 50% of the drugs were prescribed in accordance with World Health Organization model list of essential medicines and National list of essential medicines. Short acting ?2 agonist (salbutamol), 61.4% was the most commonly and frequently prescribed single anti asthmatic drug. Combination of inhaled corticosteroid and long acting ?2 agonist, 86.8% was the most commonly prescribed fixed dose combination anti asthmatic drug. Inhalational route (75%) was the most preferred one over oral route (25%).Conclusions: Asthma being a chronic disease requires prolonged treatment which imposes economic burden on the patients. Judicious prescription of drugs not only improves the patient clinically but also removes the unnecessary burden. Data obtained from these studies can be used as a guide to make future decisions regarding standard prescription.
ABSTRACT
Background: There were 4.1% of all new cases and 19% of previously treated patients were diagnosed with either multidrug resistant or rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in 2016. In the state of Uttar Pradesh, there were 2.16 new cases and 44,531 previously treated cases. The objectives of the study were to assess the predisposing factors, causality assessment, severity grading and avoidability of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of the antitubercular drugs in MDR-TB patients in a tertiary care hospital of northern India.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted for 12 months at a tertiary care hospital. The patients with MDR tuberculosis on treatment with DOTS Plus regimen under RNTCP and who met the inclusion exclusion criteria were recruited after informed consent. ADRs were monitored daily till the patients remained admitted and thereafter monthly. Predisposing factors were recorded. Causality assessment was performed by Naranjo scale and WHO UMC scale, severity by Hartwig’s scale and avoidability by Halla’s scale.Results: There were 115 patients were recruited, 70 developed at least one ADR. 98 ADRs were reported. The commonest ADR reported were – gastrointestinal (38.76%), neurological (21.24%) and hepatobiliary (8.16%). Diabetes and HIV predisposed to development of ADRs. 58.18% ADRs were classified as possible and 37.5% as probable by Naranjo’s scale. 51.02% ADRs were classified as probable and 42.83% as possible by WHO-UMC. 56% were classified as mild, 36% moderate, and 6% severe via Hartwig’s scale. 51 ADRs were classified as avoidable and 40 ADRs were possibly avoidable.Conclusions: Monitoring and assessment of ADRs is necessary to promote awareness, curb resistance and maintain adherence.
ABSTRACT
Use of animals in experimentation and research has always been a topic of great debate. Some express their strong support while others are against animal research practices and want their complete abolition.1 At present, there is a pill for every ill. Rapid advancement in the field of science and technology contributed in discovering cure and medications even for the rarest of the rare diseases. Most of the present day discoveries in medical science lay their foundation on animal experimentation. The use of drugs in clinical practice have been possible only after going through successful animal studies for safety, efficacy and toxicity.
ABSTRACT
Background: Between 2006 and 2015, the prevalence of MDR-TB has been found to be as high as 39.9% in some states. Approximately 35.8% of all previously treated patients developed MDR-TB. The objective of the present study was to identify demographic and health characteristics of patients as well as incidence and pattern of the adverse drug reactions caused by antitubercular drugs in MDR-TB patients in a tertiary care hospital of northern India.Methods: This 12 months study of observational study was conducted at a DOTS centre. MDR-TB diagnosed patients treated with DOTS Plus regimen were enrolled after getting informed consent. Patient information was recorded. Patient follow-up was conducted to identify the incidence and pattern of ADRs.Results: A total of 115 patients were enrolled. Maximum number of cases were in the 31-40 age group (25.21%) followed by the 41-50 age group (20.86%). 76 (66.08%) were males and 39 (33.91%) were females. 52 patients (45.21%) had concomitant diseases, out of which 15 (13.04%) were HIV positive and 21 (18.26%) were diabetic. 70 patients (60.86%) developed ADRs. The adverse drug reaction that were seen are -38 (38.76%) cases of gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions, 8 (8.16%) jaundice/hepatitis, 7 (7.14%) impaired hearing/vertigo, 21 (21.24%) central nervous system adverse drug reaction, 6 (6.12%) peripheral neuropathy, 6 (6.12%) rash and itching, 5 (5.10%) arthralgia, 3 (3.06%) renal impairment, 2 (2.04%) hypothyroidism and 2 (2.04%) blurred vision.Conclusions: Determining which population groups are affected most by ADRs can help physicians to better monitor and make an early diagnosis to reduce ADR-related morbidity and mortality.